Rare Gem Unc Romania 2011 50 Bani~Incredible Details~King~Mircea The Great~Fr/sh

Description

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* Incredibly Detailed Gem Unc Romania 2011 50 Bani Featuring Mircea Cel Batran, Otherwise Known As Mircea The Great. His History Is As Follows:
Mircea was the son of
voivode
Radu I
of Wallachia and Lady
Calinica
, thus being a descendant of the
House of Basarab
.
[
2
]
He was the father to
Vlad II Dracul
and
grandfather
of
Mircea II
,
Vlad the Impaler (Dracula)
,
Vlad Călugărul
and
Radu the Handsome
. All of these would at one time or the other rule Wallachia, with Mircea II and Vlad Ţepeş both being able military commanders (then later became one of the most notorious leaders in history, and the inspiration for the
novel
Dracula
by
Bram Stoker
).
Historical importance
Wallachia
under Mircea cel Bătrân, c. 1390
Mircea's reign is often considered to have brought stability to Wallachia. Found in a volatile region of the world, this principality's borders constantly shifted, but during Mircea's rule,
Wallachia
controlled the largest area in its history: from the river
Olt
in the north to the
Danube
in the south, and from the
Danube
's
Iron Gates
in the west to the
Black Sea
in the east.
[
3
]
Mircea strengthened the power of the state and organized the different high offices, promoted economic development, increased the state's revenue, and minted silver money that enjoyed wide circulation not only inside the country but also in neighboring countries. He gave the merchants of
Poland
and
Lithuania
trade privileges and renewed those his predecessors had given to the people of
Braşov
. As a result, Mircea was able to afford increasing his military power. He fortified the
Danube
citadels and strengthened "the great army" made up of townspeople and of free and dependent peasants. He also proved to be a great supporter for the
Church
.
[
4
]
While organizing the country and its institutions, Mircea also formed a system of lasting alliances which enabled him to defend the independence of the country. Through the intermediary of
Petru Muşat
, the prince of
Moldavia
, he concluded a treaty of alliance with
Władysław II Jagiełło
, king of
Poland
in 1389. The treaty was renewed in 1404 and 1410. He maintained close relations with
Sigismund of Luxembourg
, the king of Hungary, relying on their common interest in the struggle against
Ottoman
expansion.
[
5
]
Conflicts with the Ottoman Empire
The seal of Voivode Mircea from 1390, depicting the coat of arms of
Wallachia
His interventions in support of the
Bulgarians
south of the Danube who were fighting against the
Turks
brought him into conflict with the Ottoman Empire. In 1394
Beyazid I
(also known as "Yıldırım Beyazıt", "the Thunderbolt") crossed the
Danube
river, leading 40,000 men, an impressive force at the time. Mircea had only about 10,000 men so he could not survive an open fight. He chose what today we would call
guerrilla warfare
by starving the opposing army and utilizing small, localized attacks and retreats (a typical form of
asymmetric warfare
). On October 10, 1394, the two armies finally clashed at the
Battle of Rovine
, which featured a forested and swampy terrain, thus preventing the
Ottomans
from properly spreading their army; Mircea finally won the fierce battle and threw the
Ottomans
out of the country. Giurescu, pp. 367. This famous battle was later epically described by the poet
Mihai Eminescu
in his
Third Epistle
. However, Mircea had to retreat to Hungary, while the Turks installed
Vlad Uzurpatorul
on the throne of Wallachia.
In 1396 Mircea participated in an anti-Ottoman crusade started by
Hungary
's monarch. The crusade ended with the Ottoman victory at the
Battle of Nicopolis
on September 25. In the next year, 1397, Mircea, having defeated Vlad the Usurper with Hungarian help, stopped another
Ottoman
expedition that crossed the
Danube
, and in 1400 he defeated yet another expedition of
Turks
crossing the country.Giurescu, pp. 368.
The defeat of Sultan
Beyazid I
by
Timur Lenk
(Tamerlane) at
Ankara
in the summer of 1402 opened a period of anarchy in the
Ottoman Empire
and Mircea took advantage of it to organize together with the
Hungarian
king a campaign against the Turks. In 1404 Mircea was thus able to impose his rule on
Dobrogea
again. Moreover, Mircea took part in the struggles for the throne of the
Ottoman Empire
and enabled
Musa
to ascend that throne (for a brief reign). It was at this time that the prince reached the height of his power.Giurescu, pp. 369
Towards the end of his reign, Mircea signed a treaty with the
Ottomans
; in return for a tribute of 3,000 gold pieces per year, the Ottomans desisted from making Wallachia a province ("pashalik").Giurescu.
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